A Castle Guard

 

By:  Stephen J. Schlegel

 

In England in 1154 peasants lived in cottages of stone or wood, thatched with straw or turf. They paid rents to the lords largely in the form of dues of grain, produce or animals for meat. These would be taken to villages and towns and the lords would ultimately deliver their own rent to the king.  Rents paid to the King were food and other resources, and often took the form of men for the armies.  

 

Dues were paid to ecclesiastical estates throughout the land as well. Peasants were required to tithe the church, and such tithing was enforced by decree of the King.

 

Peasant life was mostly as farmers. They were encouraged to marry and most did, but occasionally a tax consisting of giving the first night of the bride to the lord of the fief or his alternate was imposed. Custom also allowed the lord to tax a peasant whose daughter had sinned, though the priests decreed judgment and part of the tax was paid to them.

 

The King’s castle was located in the South, a short trip south and east of London, and was fortified with embattlements and wall which encircled a large plot that had a stream running through it. Within the walls were many cottages, workshops and stables where the castle dwellers and servants would perform the myriad tasks of life in service to the King.

 

Peasants were included in the social life of the village, but had no cultural interests.  They could not read, nor would anyone teach them, for they would have been offensive to their lords, who were almost always illiterate as well.  The servants at the castle were also not more than peasants, but were excluded to a large extent from the social life of the town outside the castle grounds. 

 

As in peasant’s homes, pigs and fowl had the run of the castle yards and cottages.  Many such animals were brought in as dues from the lords, fattened at the castle and butchered on the grounds.  The peasants and the servants, however, had good and healthful food, including vegetables, eggs, dairy products and meat. Despite this, famines, fevers and poxes were regular causes of multitudes of early deaths.  The same held true at the castle, despite plentiful grain, produce and meat.

 

Peasants outside the castle were greedy, cruel, violent and churlish, since they were poor, fearful, repressed and derided. They were, however, the mainstay of the Church, despite the fact they had more superstition than religion.

 

The castle servants would not and could not mis-behave like other peasants.  Punishment was swift and sure, and they almost all felt lucky and privileged to be in service, and protected by the King.   Within the castle, however, religion also constituted a minor, misunderstood substitute for superstition.

 

 

Anna worked with her sister Maryja in the kitchen, cooking for the staff who lived within the castle walls.  One large room served as the kitchen and dining hall for the various chambermaids, smiths, wash people, gardeners, the gamekeeper and the royal castle guards. They did not cook, however, for the king, as another kitchen served the royal chambers exclusively. Their mother was one of the cooks for the king.

 

Anna’s mother and sister and she slept in a room off the smith’s shop near the rear wall of the castle every day of their lives.  The smith’s fires made the quarters warmer than most, though too hot a few days in summer.  Their common bed was straw covered with course cloth.  Goat hides served as covers when needed. It was not often all three slept in the bed at the same time, as the demands of the kitchens required rotation of labor.

 

Anna was rarely permitted to leave the castle grounds. She relied mostly on the stories of the men she fed for information of the broader community and countryside. She knew little of the larger world beyond.  Her community was the castle keepers and staff, and her keeper and god was the King. Men talking of the outside, including of armies and enemies and battles and others who claimed to be kings was mysterious and yet of little interest to her.

 

Castle residents numbered just over two hundred in these days. Babies were born and fevers caused them to die. Anna had two other sisters and one brother who she never knew because of their deaths. Anna’s mother was older than anyone she knew except the blacksmith.  He treated her kindly most of the time.

 

One night during her 16th spring three stinking hooded men appeared at Anna’s quarter. They bound, gagged and hooded her and took her from bed. They knocked her unconscious to stop her from kicking.  She was carried up narrow passages to a chamber high and far inside the castle.  A fourth man was waiting and had his way with her. She awoke in the yard near the pond. Bleeding and numb, she walked back to her quarter and bed.

 

She told no one but her sister what had occurred.  She could remember only the beginning and end.

 

Two fortnights later it happened again. That this time was different she did not understand, for she was also unconscious much of the time.  This time she awoke outside the castle walls and was helped inside by a guard she knew. She told only her sister again.

                                                                       

 

Anna was both pregnant and sick the following winter. She suffered from fevers but still worked in the kitchen.   During the longest night of the year she collapsed on the floor of the kitchen and began the pain of labor.  Her sister sent word to her mother and took her to her quarter with the aid of the men.  The women had just the aid of each other at these times.

 

During the middle of labor a snarly small woman appeared at the quarter. She was a crone who claimed powers of sorcery.  She never appeared except to yell curses, incantations, crude verses and sometimes to sing.

 

Showing only the whites of her eyes she danced around the small dim fire-lit room. She howled and incanted unintelligible sounds. She called to god or the devil or spirits. She left dancing in circles as she had arrived.

 

Anna took her last breath at the moment the boy took his first.

 

 

Maryja called him Daniel.  She cared for him as his mother. She took him with her at all times.  He was nursed on both cow’s and goat’s milk, and fed meal when it came time. Rough cloth and hides formed his bundling and clothes.  The fire’s constant warmth in the kitchen and quarter helped protect him from fever.  The other women helped Maryja when needed, as she did for them. Most baths came in the trough near the pond in the yard.

 

As he grew, he had the company of other children in the yard as well as the son of another cook in the kitchen who was two winters older. He was John, and like Daniel, did not know his father.

 

By the time of his 4th summer he worked in the yard.  The smith would have him maintain the fire.  The butcher had him chase down a goose or a duck.  He learned to corner the fowl and carry it to the butcher.  He especially liked it when the butcher would ask for a goat or a pig, which he would lead proudly across the yard like a very big man.  He learned early that the animals he brought to the butcher would be found in the kitchen, added to stew or sometimes be roast.

 

He was often sent outside the walls with other young boys to haul foodstuffs and fuel to the castle grounds.  This took place mostly in the late summers and fall, when stores for the winter were stockpiled inside. The work was hard and long most of the year.

 

Daniel took to his life in the castle with curiosity and a degree of glee.  Since he saw the people on the outside at least at the markets, and learned from the butcher, the smith, the gardener and gamekeeper, his days were filled with learning and challenge. He kept himself as best he could on the good side of the men in the castle community.  Many were harsh at best, but Daniel developed the skill of helping the harshest so as to escape their wrath and punishments which they meted out regularly to the other boys in the yard.

 

In his 8th summer the provisimer took him on a hunt with some of the army and some of the outside men. This was an honor afforded only older boys, and Daniel distinguished himself by bravely flushing a sow into the waiting spears of the hunting party. His first hunt lasted three days.  He walked proudly with the older men back into the yard with their game.  Maryja and the other cooks laughed at his size but hugged him and thanked him for being such a good hunter.  They promised and delivered a feast for him and the rest of the party.

 

He became part of the regular hunting party for the next four years.  The men came to rely on him first for the stalk, the flush, and then the common kill. Men would talk and joke after a kill of all manner of things. Daniel felt he was becoming a man.

 

The castle community was required by the King to stop at the chapel on the way to their duties and on the way to their quarters.  Occasionally a few of the community were required to leave the grounds to go to the cathedral and attend masses there.  The priests told them of god and of sin and the devil.  Obedience to god and the priests and the King were essential if they were to remain in the service and live within the castle walls. According to the priests, God was the father, the priests in his service and the King divinely permitted to rule.

 

Maryja simply told Daniel that his father was god and that the King was his protector.

 

In his 9th summer, the King’s knights took him and other young men from the yard and gave them their first training in arms and in fighting.  For weeks at a time the boys would take soldiers’ orders, and trained in archery and close combat.  Daniel loved the time outside the castle and excelled in all manner of arms.

 

He became closest friends with Robert.  Robert’s father was the tanner, and his mother worked in the kitchen with Maryja.  They were together a great amount of time. They came to be a threesome with his first friend John. Both Robert and John were older, but Daniel grew stronger sooner and they played and hunted and worked together as equals.  

 

From the time they were very young, they admired the guards most. They would play in the yard with their makeshift swords and duel and wrestle. They also played games of hockey and kickball.  As they got older and began their military training, they would re-enact great imaginary battles whenever they could which was not very often for they had much to do for the women in the kitchen and the men in the yard.  They loved archery and swordsmanship the most. Neither had the strength to handle the maul or the mace.

 

During his 13th winter a guard woke him and took him to the chamber of the captain of the guard. When he stepped in he found his friends Robert and John there too.  The captain told them they were no longer to stay in their quarters and would be taken to the quarter of the guard. They were to be silent until permitted to speak by a guard. They were not permitted to speak for six fortnights. They did not see their mothers or Robert’s father, and only left the quarter to leave the grounds and receive training in the woods and fields from the captain and other guards.  They were to have the status of Knights, but not to serve in the army.  Their sole duty was to protect the King.  The guards stayed in a series of rooms one level above the kitchen.  They were small and had beds the same as Daniel had slept on all his life.  Two guards to a bed, two shifts to a day.

 

The rules were basic and strict. They would not leave the service of the guard or the company of at least one other guard at any time.  When in service of the King, there were to be at least three guards in the presence of the King at all times except when he was in his sleeping chamber, and then two guards would stand at the interior portal and three would be at the next outer door. In general, the personal guards were on half of each day, and rotations came in sets of two at appointed times.  They had been chosen for duty by the King himself on recommendation from the captain and knight army commanders. Daniel, John and Robert were three of six of the guard of forty four who had been born to the castle staff and raised within the castle walls.  The others had all come from the ranks of the army on recommendation of the command and with final choice being the King on the recommendations of the captain.

 

Daniel did not know that the King had asked of him personally. In fact, Daniel had never actually seen the King.  He only knew what he heard from the people in the walls and from the priests who spoke of the King as ruling by word of god. To him, the King’s word was God’s word and must be obeyed.  Daniel accepted that all of his life and was proud to be a guard.

 

They were fitted for and provided leather breast plates, some light mail, and some light body armor.  They had helmets, and each had a sword, a scabbard, a dirk and a shield.  There actually seemed no set rule as to which guard wore which pieces of armor or mail.  This was determined by time of service and the wish of the eldest of the guards, in descending order, which eliminated arguments among them. 

 

Helmets, swords and dirks however were another matter.  Each guard had his own as provided and fitted by the smith and the procurer. They were to go no where without either, except to eat, bathe and sleep only in the company of themselves within the guard quarter.

 

Daniel settled in easily with the guards.  He was taken into confidence of all his new friends.  Discussions in quarters with each of the men began to teach him of life far outside the castle walls and the organizations of men.

 

Through the years of his life the church had required the assembly of large armies of peasants.  They were sent away to do battle with armies of much different men. Taxes had risen but food became scarce.  He spent long hours as one of the guards near the King. The King had regular meetings with fief holders, barons and lords, and Daniel learned of the shortage of peasants to farm and raise stock.  The King was heard to be angry at small production and collections and angry that the peasants blamed him. He wondered aloud when the demands of the church could be stopped. Staffing the armies the archbishop demanded was causing the King his most pressing problems.

 

Sometimes Daniel guarded the King at services in the Cathedral.  There the archbishop and other priests would give long sermons about the wages of sin, life ever-lasting, of heaven and hell.

 

The guards could talk about their days in quarter only among themselves.  They were not permitted to speak with others in the castle or at all when on duty.  Daniel, Robert, John and the others talked often and long with each other of the problems of the King.  They also came to believe that the Church served Rome but not the King or his people. They thought the Church made impossible demands upon all.  They questioned the motives of priests as well as their right.  And the Archbishop was the worst for he was the highest.

 

A year into Daniel’s service, the King and Archbishop held a series of meetings.  The meetings took place both in the King’s royal chambers and in those of the Archbishop in the Cathedral.  Most of the meetings took place in the church. Daniel was among the guards who heard the discussions and who knew tensions to rise between the King and the Bishop. 

 

At one of those meetings in the Bishop’s chambers, he stated directly to the King that which he had announced in a sermon at mass.  He insisted that he would rather be martyred than not have more men in the ecclesiastical armies.  The King told him he had no more men to give, and the land would revolt. The Archbishop then blasphemed the King.

 

Before rage was even felt, Daniel instinctively turned, stepped towards the Archbishop and plunged his dirk into his side. He unsheathed his sword exclaiming “your wish will be granted!”  One stroke and the Archbishop collapsed.

 

Robert and John were on duty the same time.  They and the King stood silently, as Daniel fell to his knees before him.  He quietly began murmuring, “You are my lord and my father, the protector of all.  I am in thy service.  Take me quickly or slowly, but take me I pray.  I will never betray you as this unholy man has. Forgive me, I pray thee, I implore thee to take me as well.”

 

The King and the other guards remained silent.  Robert first went to the guard outside the chamber door to summon the captain and to alert the knight’s army. As the Knights arrived, the King bade John and Robert to take Daniel to quarter, where he was to remain until further word from the King.

 

Daniel remained there for the season. He was fed, but spoke to no one.

 

Order was maintained in the castle as usual. Outside the walls the King’s knights maintained order as well. Small revolts and skirmishes were quelled. No peasants were conscripted to fight on foreign soil.

 

One day without warning, the King summoned Daniel to be brought before him by the guards. Daniel entered the chamber with his friend Robert and John at his side.  The King beckoned Daniel to come toward him.  Daniel stooped and slowly complied.  As he neared the King he again fell to his knees and stretched out his arms on the floor before him.

 

He again started his plea, “you are my lord and my father, the protector....”, but the King stopped him and placed his hand on Daniel’s shoulder.  “That shall be all,” said the King.

 

The King produced a small bag containing a handful of dirt from a fief.  He stooped down and placed it in Daniel’s right hand. “Now go and serve me if you will.  The land needs production from vassals like you.  Keep your name, and treat your peasants well. I have trust you will serve me well.”

 

Robert and John lifted Daniel to his feet.  They walked him from the chamber, and down to the sunlit yard.