“A FAILURE OF THE HAND OF THE DEAD”

or

“THE SUPPORT OF THE ARTS BY THE CRANE SIBLINGS”

CAST OF CHARACTERS

Crane Family:

Richard Teller Crane (1832-1912) – Founder of the Crane Company and the Crane Elevator Company – Owner of “Jerseyhurst” on Geneva Lake – older brother of the first Charles Crane (Charles S. Crane) – (1847-1922) who, because he was bought out by his brother, is not, otherwise, involved in this paper.  There are papers of the Crane Company archived at The Chicago Historical Society. (Became acquainted with Dankmar Adler and persuaded Adler to terminate his partnership with Louis Sullivan in 1895, for executive employment by the Crane Elevator Company;  ten-year contract terminated by agreement, after only six months.  Crane Elevator Company operations sold to the Otis Elevator Company in 1898.)

Charles R. Crane (1858-1939) – Eldest son of Richard Teller Crane – Employed by the Crane Company until 1914 – Sold his 50% share to his youngest brother – removed himself and his family from Chicago and Lake Geneva to Manhattan and Woods Hole, MA. (Supporter of several artists and scholars, some of which are listed below.)

Children of Charles R. Crane –

Richard Teller Crane, II (1882-1938) – after graduation from Harvard in 1904, Private Secretary to Robert Lansing, President Wilson’s Secretary of State (1915-1919) – then US Ambassador (the first) to Czecho-Slovakia (1919-1921).  (The papers of this Mr. Crane are in the Lauinger Library of Georgetown University.)

Mary Josephine Crane (Bradley) (1886-1952) of Madison, WI, where her husband was a prominent academic at The University of Wisconsin, and Woods Hole, MA, where the Bradleys occupied “The Airplane House”;  Mrs. Bradley had a severe hearing disability – deafness.  (Supporter of several artists, some of which are listed below.)

Frances Anita Crane (Leatherbee) (Masaryk) (1886-1954) – of Lake Forest, IL, and Woods Hole, MA, client of “Rick” Olmsted of Olmsted Bros. for both places;

John Oliver Crane (1899-2000) – prominent diplomat - took over his father’s Woods Hole residence – father of sons, including Tom Crane, a lawyer of Boston, MA, and Woods Hole;

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Copyright – John K. Notz, Jr. (2004)

Herbert Prentice (“Bert”) Crane (1861-1943) –resided at Wild Rose Farm in St. Charles, IL - the one Crane son who remained a part of “Jerseyhurst” – father of Dorothy Crane Maxwell, who was the mother of Augustus (“Gus”) Maxwell, Jr., the last Crane descendant to live at “Jerseyhurst” – as his obituary reports no employment, he appears not to have worked, seriously, for the Crane Company.

Katharine Elizabeth (“Kate”) Crane (Gartz) (1865-1949 - her family, other the Maxwells, were among the last Cranes at “Jerseyhurst” – her granddaughter – Holly Gaylord Starck – is the only Crane remaining in the Lake Geneva area – she published on social welfare subjects.

Adolph Frederick Gartz (1861-1910) – married Kate Crane  in Chicago in 1888 – became Treasurer of the Crane Company in 1889, at age 28.

Mary Ryerson Crane (Russell) (1866-19__) – became resident of Lake Forest, IL

Edmund A. Russell (1866-1944) – married Mary Crane in Chicago in 1888 and, immediately, became the Secretary-Treasurer of the Crane Elevator Company, at age 22 - remained with the Crane Elevator operations, after they were sold to the Otis Elevator Company in 1898 – ending the usefulness to the Crane Company of Dankmar Adler, had Adler stayed.

Frances Crane (Lillie) – (1869-1958) – Favored younger sister of Charles – Supporter of Hull House and other Progressive causes – Convert to Roman Catholicism – Resident of Chicago’s Hyde Park, where her husband was a prominent academic at The University of Chicago, with a second home in Woods Hole, MA, where her husband was the Director of the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory;  they resided in what is, now, The University of Chicago – in 1924-1925, funded the Whitman Laboratory of The University of Chicago – endowed co-operative nursery school on the campus of The University of Chicago, presumably after having donated their Hyde Park residence to the university – that residence is now known as Lillie House – donor of Lillie Bell Tower for St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church, Woods Hole and of its Mary Garden - mother of Mary Prentice Lillie Barrow, whose perceptive and sympathetic unpublished biography of her mother can be found both in The Chicago Historical Society and in The Woods Hole Historical Museum.  (Papers of Mrs. Lillie are archived at The Chicago Historical Society.) (Supporter of several artists, some of which are listed below.)

Frank Rattray Lillie (1847-1947) – married Frances Crane in 1895 – joined Department of Zoölogy of The University of Chicago in 1900 Chair of that Department (1910-1931) – Dean of the Division of Biological Sciences (1931-1935).  (Papers of Dr. Lillie are archived in the Regenstein Library of The University of Chicago.)

Emily Rockford Crane (Chadbourne) (1871-1964) – married T. L. Chadbourne, Jr., of Houghton, MI – divorced and without children - last Crane of her generation to die – owned 4% of the distressed Crane Company in 1957 – gave fire screen from Cyrus McCormick’s Chicago house, designed by Louis Sullivan, to The Art Institute shortly after Sullivan’s death - commissioned sculptures by Alfeo F’Aggi for the Childerly Chapel on Crane estate in Wheeling, IL - while a purchaser, generally, of antiquarian art, she commissioned her portrait prior to 1931  from the fashionable Tsuquharu (“Leonard”) Foujita (1886-1968), Japanese artist prominent in Paris of the 1920’s, who specialized, during that period of his career, in portraits of the wealthy, which portrait is at The Art Institute of Chicago – her only memorial service, prior to interment in Lake Geneva’s Oak Hill Cemetery, was in St. Louis, MO.)

Richard Teller Crane, Jr. – (1873-1931) – Youngest child of Richard Teller Crane –was CEO of the Crane Company from 1914 into 1931 – Resident of Chicago – 1550 North Lake Shore Drive and “Castle Hill”, in Ipswich, MA – husband of Florence Higinbotham Crane and father of two, neither of whom settled in the Chicago area.  (Support of some prominent architects listed below.)

Florence Higinbotham Crane (1870 - 1949) – married to Richard T. Crane, Jr. - daughter of Harlow N. Higinbotham, designated by his partner, Marshall Field, to be President of The World’s Columbian Exhibition of 1893;  he was, later, President of The Field Museum, for many years.  Mrs. Crane was an active “Antiquarian” – a member of The Antiquarian Society of The Art Institute of Chicago, contributor of The Crane Rooms therein (no longer extant);  arranged for posthumous memorial to her husband known as the Crane Altar, designed by David Adler, containing a fine copy of a Byzantine mosaic portrait of St. John Chrysostom, from the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, in St. Chrysostom’s Church, Chicago;  arranged for the mausoleum for the Crane, Jr., Family at Chicago’s Graceland Cemetery and the monument for her Higinbotham brother and his descendants there, as well.

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Contemporaries of the Crane siblings:

Charles L. Hutchinson – (1854-1926) – President of The Art Institute of Chicago, Treasurer of The University of Chicago (and its principal facilitator with John D. Rockefeller) and great patron of the arts – promoter of the landscape architectural services of John Olmsted and of the structural architectural services of Charles Coolidge and Robert C. Spencer, Jr.

William Howard Taft (1857-1930) - President of the United States who failed to support Charles Crane, when Crane was attacked by Wall Street interests for his (Crane’s) support of Chinese interests, against Japan, in 1907, whereupon Crane resigned as US Minister to China.

Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) – In 1914-1917, he living in London and helping American travelers stranded by WW I, before becoming US Food Administrator, at the request of US President Wilson in 1917.

Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) – President of the United States, 1912-1920, resulting from TR’s “Bull Moose” Party’s diversion of Republican votes – after Charles Crane’s generous financial support, reappointed Crane as U.S. Minister to China, the role from which, during Taft’s Administration, Crane had resigned in 1909.

Pavel Nikolaevich (“Paul”) Miliukov (1859-1943) - Russian historian – leading Liberal who opposed Tsar Nicholas II, leading the Opposition to the Tsar in the Imperial Duma – became Russian Foreign Minister, briefly, in 1917 – soon exiled and stalked for assassination, on orders of Lenin.  Friend of Charles Crane

(Hannibal) Hamlin Garland (1860-1940) – Midwestern author and the first President of The Cliff Dwellers (1907-1913), after which he removed himself to Manhattan in 1915, in frustration over Chicago remaining The Second City, if not worse – a protégé of Charles Hutchinson.  Never a member of The Chicago Literary Club.

Henry Blake Fuller (1857-1929) – Midwestern author – refused to become a member of The Cliff Dwellers and of our Club – in part, seemingly, because he was not a clubbable man –however, he was, more than occasionally, a dinner guest of Charles Hutchinson in his home – time has treated Fuller’s reputation, as an author, far more kindly that it has treated that of Garland.

Hobart Chatfield-Taylor (1865-1925) – Chicago Socialite and 1890’s author and member, with Hamlin Garland of The Little Room, which had been fostered by Garland and his fellow Chicago author Henry Fuller, who refused to join them as a member of The Cliff Dwellers – much admired by Garland –Chair of the 1913 Annual Meeting of the National Institute of Arts & Letters in Chicago and organizer, thereafter of the Association of Midwestern Authors – left Chicago for Santa Barbara, CA, in 1918.

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Artists:

Beneficiaries:

Alphonse Mucha – (1860-1939) – Most famous Czech artist, ever, known as a printmaker and muralist - patronized by Charles Crane, starting in 1904 and continuing at least into the 1920’s – Exhibition of paintings at The Art Institute of Chicago in 1906 - exhibition of five mural paintings illustrating the history of the Slavs at The Art Institute of Chicago in 1921.

Dankmar Adler – (1844-1900) – senior partner of Louis Sullivan, until he (Adler) became employed by the Crane Elevator Company in 1895, at the instance of Richard Teller Crane, in the midst of the depression that had started before The World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 and survived it – sought to resume his partnership with Sullivan in 1896, but Sullivan refused.  It is said that Adler & Sullivan declined the assignment to do the contemplated auditorium for The World’s Columbian Exposition but that the assignment was declined.

Louis Henri Sullivan – (1856-1924) – Chicago architect – acknowledged, even by Frank Lloyd Wright, Founder of The Prairie School – partner of Dankmar Adler until 1895 – refused to permit Adler to return to a partnership, when Adler’s employment by the Crane Company ended in 1898 - died penniless, living in The Cliff Dwellers’ club premises (patronized by Charles Crane.

George Grant Elmslie – (1871-1952) – Chicago and Minneapolis architect – long-time employee of Louis Sullivan and recognized to have been responsible for much work attributed to Sullivan – after leaving Sullivan’s employ, was a partner in Minneapolis of William Purcell patronized by Charles Crane, for the benefit of his daughter, Mrs. Bradley).

William Gray Purcell (1880–1965) - Chicago and Minneapolis architect – partner of George Elmslie after Elmslie left employ of Sullivan - close friend of Walter Burley Griffin, husband of Marion Mahony Griffin (patronized by Charles Crane, for the benefit of his daughter, Mrs. Bradley).

Pond & Pond (Irving K. Pond – 1857-1939) – (Allen Bartlit Pond – 1858-1929) – progressive (Arts & Crafts Style) Chicago architects (both AIA Fellows) – for Hull House (1895-1907) and other Chicago settlement houses and “Y”s in many cities (including that, once, in Lake Geneva, WI – prior to 1908), and, in 1901, for the Lillie residence in Hyde Park (patronized by Frances Crane Lillie).

Frederick Law (“Rick”) Olmsted, Jr. (1870-1957) – younger half-brother of John Olmsted, who died in 1920 – partners of Olmsted Associates of Brookline, MA, and successors to Frederick Law Olmsted (Sr.) – landscape architect and site planner for “Castle Hill” (patronized by Charles Crane’s daughter, Frances, starting during her marriage to Robert Leatherbee and continuing in Woods Hole, MA, throughout her life).

Charles A. Coolidge (1858-1936) – Architect of Shepley Firm (Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge) of Boston, MA – Retained by Richard T. Crane, Jr., as Architect for first Crane residence at “Castle Hill”, of Wood Hole Marine Biological Laboratory and by Frances Crane Lillie for the Bell Tower of St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church in Woods Hole, MA.

Francis Barry Byrne – (1883-1967) - architect of Chicago – apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright and, for a time, protégé of Walter Burley Griffin, when the Griffins left Chicago for Australia - patronized by Mrs. Lillie for St Thomas the Apostle Church in Hyde Park

Alphonso Ianelli – (18__-19__) – sculptor - often used by Frank Lloyd Wright, notably for Midway Gardens, Chicago, from whence came the two sprites owned by Seymour Persky now on display in The Cliff Dwellers (commissioned by Mrs. Lillie for the Stations of the Cross in the Roman Catholic churches of Hyde Park and Woods Hole (St. Thomas the Apostle and St. Joseph’s, respectively) – Ianelli work product is to be a part of the “Unbuilt Chicago” exhibition at The Art Institute that is to open on April 3, 2004.  His son, Fons (1919-1988), was a noted magazine photographer.

Alfeo F’Aggi (or Faggi) – (1885-1966) – sculptor – a notable example of his work is on the Charles Hutchinson – said to be a cousin of the Charles L. Hutchinson referred to hereinabove - monument in Graceland Cemetery (commissioned by Mrs. Lillie for the reredos in St. Thomas the Apostle Roman Catholic Church, Hyde Park) – Ianelli work product is (was?) in the Childerly Chapel on the Crane property in Wheeling, IL (a Holy Child, a St. Francis and another set of his Stations of the Cross), were commissioned by Emily Crane Chadbourne.

Artists patronized by Charles Crane, in addition to Alphonse Mucha:

Mikhail Vasil’evich Nesterof (1862-1942) – Russian painter – a painting of his is in Margery Merriweather Post’s “Hillwood” in Washington, DC, viewable on the INTERNET.

Vasily Polenov (1844-1927) – Russian painter of landscapes, genre and historical pictures viewable on the INTERNET.

Victor Mikhailovich Vasnetsof (1848-1926) – Russian painter – many paintings of his are in the Tretyakov Museum, Moscow.

Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich (1874-1947) – Russian painter and poet – born in Russia died in India – exhibition of paintings at The Art Institute of Chicago in 1907 - in 1923, Founded the Nicholas Roerich Museum, near Columbia University, which opened in 1925 – 1925-1928 tour of Central Asia was probably financed by Charles Crane – many paintings of his are at the Tretyakov Museum, Moscow – became extraordinarily controversial in US in 1930’s, causing Roerich to take up permanent residence in India awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 193_ - Promoter of the Roerich Peace Pact, for the protection of cultural arts in times of war, signed with much fanfare and praise from President Roosevelt in 1935.

Nikodim Pavlovich (“N. P.”) Kondakov (1844-1925) - Russian historian of Byzantine art and founder of the modern art method for Byzantine studies, primarily through iconography, having an Institute in Prague

Thomas Masaryk (1850-1937)- a Czech scholar funded by Charles Crane in 1902 to teach Slavic culture at the University of Chicago;  later the first President of Czechoslovakia 1918-1935;  Charles Crane was instrumental in introducing Masaryk to President Wilson – a study of Crane’s financial and other assistance to Masaryk is beyond the scope of this paper, except to relate that both of Crane’s sons were associated with Masaryk in his governing of Czecho-Slovakia and that one of Crane’s daughters – Frances – married, but was divorced from, Masaryk’s youngest son, Jan.

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Other:

Vidoque;  Per a biographical dictionary, “Vidocq” (1775-1857) was “an adventurer, convict and, later, a famous French detective.”  Only the first appears to apply to Charles S. Crane;  Garland can be loose in his alliterative references.

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Partial List of Sources:

The Chicago Historical Society, with respect to the papers archived there of the Crane Company, of Richard Teller Crane, of Mrs. Richard Teller Crane, Jr., and of Frances Crane Lillie.

Judy Barter, the Field-McCormick Curator of American Arts of The Art Institute of Chicago, of Chicago for a sense of the nature of the contributions of Emily Crane Chadbourne and Florence Higinbotham Crane to The Art Institute of Chicago, both directly and through its Antiquarian Society, especially the creation of the Crane Room and the ultimate dispersal of its contents.

Ms. Tanya Chebotarev, the Bakhmeteff Curator, Rare Books and Manuscripts Library of the Butler Library of Columbia University, with respect to those of the Charles Crane papers that are there.

Tom Crane, for providing me access to the surroundings of the Charles Crane residence in Woods Hole and for his tip to me of the availability of papers of Charles Crane in The Butler Library of Columbia University.

Leonard Eaton, Professor Emeritus from The University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, with respect to the relationship between Walter Burley Griffin and Wayne Andrews.

Jennifer S. Gaines, Curator, and Susan F. Witzell, Curatorial Assistant, of the Woods Hole Historical Museum of the Woods Hole Public Library, with respect to information relating to “The Airplane House” in Woods Hole and the respective activities, in Woods Hole , of the Cranes, Lillies and Bradleys.

Susan Higinbotham (Mrs. Harlow N. Higinbotham) of Chicago, for the access by Robert Nelson of The University of Chicago to the privately printed Terrae Incognita memoir of 1927 of Frances, the daughter of Richard T. Crane, Jr., and Florence Higinbotham Crane.

Celia Hilliard (Mrs. David Hilliard), as historian of The Antiquarian Society of The Art Institute of Chicago, for her insights into the operations of that Society during the years of the involvement in its affairs of Florence Higinbotham Crane.

Vincent Michael, of The School of The Art Institute of Chicago, for (a) his telling me of the relationship between Barry Byrne and Frances Crane Lillie that led to Byrne’s design of St. Thomas the Apostle Church in Hyde Park; and (b) his insight into the meaning intended by Louis Sullivan for “form follows function” being, not that the skin of a structure should reflect its contents, but to the consequences of the normal growth process of a plant – a concept followed by Sullivan in his design of decorations for structures.

Robert Nelson of The University of Chicago, for (a) the tip to Agatha Christie’s Hercule Poirot having observed Crane in the 1920’s in the Hotel M. Toklatian in “Stambol”, prior to their boarding of The Orient Express;  and (b) an opportunity to read the chapter titled Unveiling the Mosaics [of the Hagia Sophia]:  Thomas Whittemore and his American Patrons, from his soon to be published book.  These patrons included Charles Crane, Charles Crane, II, Emily Crane Chadbourne and Florence Higinbotham Crane.  Having, myself, dined in the Pera Palas hotel in Istanbul and stayed on the floor of its Agatha Christie room, I am familiar with the locale.  While Agatha Christie’s clone of Charles Crane (an American named Ratchett) was assassinated in his stateroom on The Orient Express, and Poirot was called upon to identify the assassins, Charles Crane met no such fate;  in spite of his extensive peregrinations, he died of an illness of old age in his own bed, eight years after the death of his much younger brother, Richard, Jr.

Christopher Vernon, Architectural Historian, of Fremantle, Australia, and The University of Western Australia, in Perth, with respect to the relationship between William Purcell and Walter Burley Griffin.

[NOTE:  None of the above bear any responsibility for conclusions that I have drawn that may be controversial;  those are mine, alone.]

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Some Relevant Reading:

Charles R. Crane:  The Man Who Bet on People, by David Hapgood (EXLibris, 200_)

Alphonse Mucha: The Spirit of Art Nouveau (Art Services International, 1998), with a Preface for the Mucha Foundation by Geraldine Mucha and John Mucha, which describes Charles Crane as “a wealthy and charitable American with dreams as idealistic as Mucha’s own.

[In 1906, there was an exhibition of Mucha paintings at The Art Institute of Chicago, for which there was no catalogue;  in 1920, there was an exhibitions of five of Mucha’s Slav Epic paintings, for which there was no catalogue;  simultaneously with the latter, there was a sale exhibition at Chicago’s Newcomb, Macklin & Co., Gallery, for which a catalogue may have been produced and may be available in The Ryerson & Burnham Library of The Art Institute of Chicago.]

Alphons Mucha:  Mâitre de l’Art Nouveau, by Renate Ulmer,   (Benedikt Taschen, 1994)

Mucha:  The Triumph of Art Nouveau, by Arthur Ellridge  (Terrail, 1992):

NOTE:  In the Richard Driehaus Collection, Chicago, there are at least three of Mucha’s posters.]

Battle for Chicago, by Wayne Andrews  (Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1946)

The Prairie School - Frank Lloyd Wright and His Contemporaries, by H. Allen Brooks, (University of Toronto Press, 1972;  see, also the 1996 paperback edition, for its “Airplane House” cover.)

Louis Sullivan, Prophet of Modern Architecture (Museum of Modern Art and W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1935 – dedicated to George Grant Elmslie (Plate 63, at p. 368, reflects “Crane Company Building, Chicago, IL.  1903-1904”.

Architecture, Ambition and Americans – A Social History of American Architecture, by Wayne Andrews (The Free Press of Glencoe and Collier MacMillan, Ltd.)

The Life and Art of a Russian Master, by Jacqueline Decter and Nicholas Roerich – (Thames & Hudson, Ltd., 1989)

[The Roerich Museum, on the Upper West Side, in Manhattan, has a fine collection of Roerich paintings and other information.

Russian Art and American Money (1900-1940) (Harvard University Press, 1980), by Robert C. Williams

Women Building Chicago, 1790-1990:  A Biographical Dictionary (Indiana University Press, 2001), for the biographical entry therein of Frances Crane Lillie and her contemporaries, such as Ellen Gates Starr and Jane Addams

Remembrances delivered at a memorial service for Henry B. Fuller, from which a copy of that of Hamlin Garland was made available to me by Edward B. Hirschland, of Chicago, collector of note of Chicagoiana.

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Published papers of Richard Teller Crane:

1902    The Utility of an Academic or Classical Education for Young Men Who                              Have to Earn Their Own Living and Who Expect to Pursue a                                  Commercial Life, which was converted into The Utility of All                                     Kinds of Schooling

1909    The Utility of All Kinds of Higher Schooling – An Investigation by R. T.                              Crane

1910    R. T. Crane’s Reply to Criticisms on His Book – The Utility of All Kinds                              of Schooling

1911    The Demoralization of College Life – Report of an Investigation at                                                 Harvard and a Reply to My Critics

1911    The Futility of Higher Schooling

1911    The Futility of the Technical, Industrial, Vocational and Continuation                                Schools

1982    For a superficial but, still, telling critique of these papers, see Abigail                              Loomis, Richard Teller Crane’s War with the Colleges, in

                        CHICAGO HISTORY (1982)

List of Architectural Projects Commissioned by Crane Siblings

[Background:  In the 1880’s, Richard Teller Crane (the progenitor) had met Dankmar Adler during the course of the creation of the structure on the site of Westerly portion of the present Art Institute that was superseded by The Auditorium Theater.  During the Depression that started in 1892 and persisted into the late 1890’s, Adler needed funds to support his family, which was less necessary for the bachelor Sullivan.  Crane hired Adler that called for several years of senior employment by the Crane Elevator Company.  As that relationship was, within months, found to be unsuccessful, Crane and Adler terminated the contract.  The lack of success of that relationship seems likely to have resulted in the sale in 1898 by Crane of the Crane Elevator operations to Otis Elevator Company.]

            1895    Brief employment by the Crane Elevator Company of Dankmar Adler

[Note:  Just as, for the Transportation Building of The World’s Columbian Exhibition of 1893, Adler & Sullivan had nothing to do with its structural design (its engineering having been done by engineers under the supervision of the Exhibition’s Manager of the Works, Daniel Burnham, it is doubtful that Adler & Sullivan or Louis Sullivan had any responsibility for the engineering design of the following Crane Company structures for which either is, generally, accorded design credit.

Charles R. Crane – the eldest son

            1890    Crane Company factory addition                                   Adler & Sullivan of Chicago

                                    Judd Street, Chicago

            1899    Crane Company foundry & machine shop addition        Louis Sullivan of Chicago

            1903    Crane Company office building, Bridgeport, CT            Louis Sullivan of Chicago

            1904    Crane Company Office Building, Chicago                     Louis Sullivan of Chicago

            1908/   First Bradley House, Madison, WI       Louis Sullivan and George Elmslie

              1909 

            1912    Bradley House, Woods Hole, MA        William Purcell and George Elmslie

            1914    Second Bradley House, Madison, WI   William Purcell and George Elmslie

Frances Crane Lillie – a middle sister

            1901    Residence in Hyde Park, IL                                          Pond & Pond

            19__    Mary Crane Nursery at Hull House, Chicago                Pond & Pond

Richard Teller Crane, III – the youngest son – and Florence Higinbotham Crane

            1910 – Landscaping in Ipswich, MA                                         Olmsted Bros. of Brookline,

 MA

            1910 – First residence at “Castle Hill”, Ipswich             Charles Coolidge of Boston

            1912 – Second residence at “Castle Hill”                                  David Adler of Chicago (no

            relation to Dankmar)

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            Four homes were built within Jerseyhurst:

1.  The main house – known as Jerseyhurst, itself, in 1879 (demolished in 1933), by Mr. Crane, Sr., and he caused the other three to be built, as wedding gifts for his three first-married children:

2.  Glen Mary (1887) - for Kate Crane Gartz, a descendant of whom is my next-door neighbor - the last Crane descendant living in the Geneva Lake Area;

3.  El Nido – “The Nest” – (1889) - for Herbert (“Bert”) Crane – the middle Crane son, who has descendants living, but none in the Geneva Lake Area;

4.  Cloverbank (1889) – for Charles Crane – the eldest son, who left the Geneva Lake Area in 1914, for Woods Hole.

In addition, after The St. Louis Exposition of 1904 closed, Charles Crane saw to the removal of its Russian Pavilion to Jerseyhurst, where it became the Crane Family’s tea house.

            Structures from The World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 that found their way into the Lake Geneva Area include:

For Yerkes Observatory, its original main telescope(extant);

The Danish Pavilion (now, much modified) became the core of what is, now, The French Country Inn on nearby Lake Como;

The Ceylonese Pavilion (now, demolished), which became the main residence on the John J. Mitchell Estate, at the North end of Button’s Bay, on Geneva Lake’s East End;

The Idaho Building (now, demolished), which became the residence of Celia Whipple Wallace of Chicago, at the South end of Button’s Bay on Geneva Lake;  and

The Norwegian Pavilion (extant, but moved) on the C. K. G. Billings Estate, known as Green Gables, on the North Shore of Geneva Lake, near the Hutchinsons’ Wychwood (now, in Mt. Horeb, WI.]

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